FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. Period: Yesterday

Building Approvals (also known as Building Permits) measures the change in the number of new building approvals issued by the government. Building permits are key indicator of demand in the housing market.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market. Rising number of new construction starts or value of construction completed reflects higher consumer and business optimism. Expanding construction indicates growth in the housing market and predicts an increase in the overall economy. However, an excessive supply of new buildings may result in a drop in housing prices. The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve. Statistics of building work approved are compiled from: permits issued by local government authorities; contracts let or day labour work authorised by Commonwealth, State, semi-government and local government authorities; major building activity in areas not subject to normal administrative approval e.g. building on remote mine sites.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the IDR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the AUD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the AUD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Chinese Imports measures all goods and services brought into the country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the CNY while a higher than expected number as negative

The Economy Watchers Current Index measures the current mood of businesses that directly service consumers, such as barbers, taxi drivers, and waiters. The data is compiled from a survey of about 2,000 workers. A reading above 50.0 indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Exports free onboard (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect ofreducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

German Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in worth between exported and imported goods over the month. A positive number indicates that more goods were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Current Account is an important economic indicator that measures the difference in value between Denmark's exports and imports of goods, services, investment income, and current transfers over a specific period. It is a significant component of the country's balance of payments, which is a comprehensive record of all economic transactions between residents of Denmark and the rest of the world.

A positive current account balance indicates that Denmark's total exports, or inflows, surpass its total imports, or outflows. This suggests that the country is a net saver and potentially attractive to foreign investors. On the other hand, a negative current account balance implies that Denmark is a net borrower from the global economy, which could signify potential economic challenges.

The current account figure not only offers insight into the trade balance but also reflects the country's competitiveness and attractiveness to foreign investors. As a result, it is closely monitored by economists, investors, and policymakers alike for its potential impact on the Danish Krone exchange rate, financial markets, and overall economic health.

Total Industrial production excluding building of ships and boats. Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mine and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes. Rising industrial production figures signify increasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time.A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a key economic indicator for Saudi Arabia. It reflects the overall performance and health of the economy. This quarterly event measures the total value of all goods and services produced in the country, including consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.

An increase in GDP indicates economic growth, which may signal a strong move towards job creation and increased consumer spending. On the other hand, a decline in GDP can signal a declining economy, which may result in job losses and decreased consumer spending. Investors, analysts, and policymakers monitor GDP data to make informed decisions and projections about Saudi Arabia's economic future.

Official reserve assets comprises foreign currency reserves, IMF reserve position, SDRs and gold. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Industry is a basic category of business activity. Firms in the same industry are on the same side of the market, produce goods which are close substitutes and compete for the same customers. For statistical purposes, industries are categorized following a uniform classification code such as Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mines and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. It is often adjusted by season or weather conditions and thus volatile. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics. According to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Construction output includes construction work done by enterprises with prevailing construction activity. Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market.The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

Motorbike Sales is an economic calendar event in Indonesia that tracks the number of new motorbikes sold in a specific period. It serves as an indicator of consumer spending, disposable income, and overall economic strength.

As motorbikes are a popular mode of transportation in Indonesia, the Motorbike Sales figure is significant in gauging the current state of the domestic economy. High motorbike sales could indicate increased confidence in the economy and a higher propensity to consume, leading to overall economic growth.

On the other hand, a decline in motorbike sales could signal contracting consumer spending and potentially a slowdown in economic growth. Investors and policymakers keenly watch this economic event to make informed decisions and evaluate the health of the nation's economy.

The Sentix Investor Confidence Index rates the relative six-month economic outlook for the euro zone. The data is compiled from a survey of about 2,800 investors and analysts. A reading above zero indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the SGD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change over a specified period of time in the general level of prices of goods and services that a given population acquires, uses or pays for consumption. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change over a specified period of time in the general level of prices of goods and services that a given population acquires, uses or pays for consumption. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys.

The Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict the consumer spending, which is a major part in the total economic activity. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

An index that measures and tracks the changes in price of goods in the stages before the retail level. Wholesale price indexes (WPIs) report monthly to show the average price changes of goods sold in bulk, and they are a group of the indicators that follow growth in the economy. Although some countries still use the WPIs as a measure of inflation, many countries, including the United States, use the producer price index (PPI) instead.

Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. CPI(X): Consumer price index less fresh fruits and vegetables, and combustible. This index is used by the Central bank as an indicator of core inflation. The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change over a specified period of time in the general level of prices of goods and services that a given population acquires, uses or pays for consumption. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Expenditure approach - Total expenditures on all finished goods and services produced within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the expenditure approach is derived as the sum of all final expenditures, changes in inventories and exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for he stock market.

The Focus Market Report provides weekly mean market expectations for inflation over following month, 12 months, and following year as well as expectations for Selic target rate, real GDP growth, net public sector debt/GDP, industrial production growth, current account, and trade balance, collected from over 130 banks, brokers, and funds managers.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Tradable Copper - Copper deliveries to the national manufacturing industry for domestic consumption and manufactured exports.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

Total of a country's gold holdings and convertible foreign currencies held in its central bank. Usually includes foreign currencies themselves, other assets denominated in foreign currencies, and particular amount of special drawing rights (SDRs).A foreign exchange reserve is a useful precaution for countries exposed to financial crises. It can be used for the purpose of intervening in the exchange market to influence or peg the exchange rate.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight. Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents.

Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents. Prepared inaccordance with the methodological criteria established in the sixth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the PHP, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The eight labor-market indicators listed below aggregated into the Employment Trends Index. Percentage of respondents who say they find ""Jobs Hard to Get"" (The Conference Board Consumer Confidence Survey). Initial Claims for Unemployment Insurance (U.S. Department of Labor). Percentage of Firms With Positions Not Able to Fill Right Now (National Federation of Independent Business). Number of employees hired by the temporary-help industry (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Part-time Workers for Economic Reasons (BLS).Job Openings (BLS). Industrial Production (Federal Reserve Board). Real Manufacturing and Trade Sales (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis). A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Consumer Credit measures the change in the total value of outstanding consumer credit that requires installment payments. It is closely correlated with consumer spending and confidence. The figure can be volatile as it often subject to sizable revisions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ARS, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ARS.

A financial situation that occurs when an entity has more money going out than coming in. The term "budget deficit" is most commonly used to refer to government spending rather than business or individual spending. When it refers to federal government spending, a budget deficit is also known as the "national debt." The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus, and when inflows are equal to outflows, the budget is said to be balanced.

Manufacturing Sales measures the change in the overall value of sales made by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The British Retail Consortium (BRC) Retail Sales Monitor measures the change in the value of same-store sales in BRC-member retail outlets in the U.K.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

M3 Money Supply measures the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.